Equipment
Most of the equipment used so far is from the University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, NGI, and NORSAR.
The equipment is provided for free use at ICG (if available) and this gives us a flying start for our "Geophysics for Geohazards" Theme. The equipment covers:
- Ground Penetrating Radar (Ramac, Figure 8)
- Resistivity (OhmMapper, and ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000/4000)
- In addition, a polarimetric GPR is built at UiO to get the benefit of multi-polarisation in a one-run acquisition and will soon be tested
Figure 10. Resistivity equipment of UiO and its characteristics (OhmMapper only here)
NGU (Trondheim) has also lot of geophysical equipment, extensively used in the field in Norway, with:
- Ground Penetrating Radar (Pulse EKKO with 50, 100, and 200 MHz antennas)
- Resistivity (Lund Imaging System, electrode spacing 2, 5, and 10 meters)
- Electromagnetics (Geonics EM 31)
- Gravimetry (LaCoste Romberg and Scintrex CG-3 gravity meter)
- Borehole logging (Robertsson Geologging: 500 metres cable, 2 videologger, optical televiewer probe (OPTV), temperature/fluid resisitivity/natural gamma ray probe, resistivity probe (SP, SPR, Short Normal, Long Normal), impellar flowmeter)
Figure 11. Equipment at NGU. a) GPR Pulse EKKO 100, 100 MHz antenna at winter time, Blekvassli Gruber, b) GPR Pulse EKKO 100, 25 MHz antenna, Svalbard, c) Reflection seismics through ice to study deep deposits (Glamå), d) Shot with dynamite for refraction seismics (Glamå), e) Seismic acquisition system (ABEM Terraloc). (Pictures courtesy of Jan Steinar Rønning, NGU)
Commercial and freeware software is used for planning the experiments (modeling) and processing the data
- Seismic monitoring: NORSAR micro-earthquake localization and analysis software
- Resistivity: RES2DINV and RES3DINV
Other internal or commercial software, available among the partners, is used when needed.